Modul 5: Perancangan Sistem IoT
CPL-03
CPL-05
CPL-10
1. Pengertian Perancangan Sistem IoT
Perancangan sistem IoT adalah proses sistematis untuk merencanakan, mendesain, dan mengembangkan solusi IoT yang memenuhi kebutuhan spesifik dengan mempertimbangkan aspek teknis, bisnis, dan pengguna.
Pilar Utama Perancangan Sistem IoT
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Business Value
Nilai bisnis dan ROI
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Technical Feasibility
Kelayakan teknis
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User Experience
Pengalaman pengguna
đ
Security & Privacy
Keamanan dan privasi
Komponen Kunci dalam Perancangan IoT
Hardware Design
Perangkat fisik dan elektronik
- Pemilihan sensor dan aktuator
- Desain PCB dan enclosure
- Power management
- Thermal considerations
Network Architecture
Infrastruktur komunikasi
- Topologi jaringan
- Protocol selection
- Data flow design
- Gateway configuration
Software & Cloud
Aplikasi dan platform
- Firmware development
- Cloud platform selection
- API design
- Data processing
2. Proses Perancangan Sistem IoT
6 Tahap Proses Perancangan IoT
1
Discovery
Identifikasi kebutuhan dan constraints
2
Conceptual Design
Desain konseptual dan use cases
3
Architecture
Desain arsitektur sistem
4
Prototyping
Pengembangan prototype
5
Testing
Validasi dan testing
6
Deployment
Implementasi dan maintenance
Design Thinking untuk IoT
Empathize â Define â Ideate â Prototype â Test
Empathize
Pahami kebutuhan pengguna dan konteks penggunaan
Define
Definisikan masalah dan requirements secara jelas
Ideate
Generate berbagai solusi dan alternatif
Prototype
Buat prototype untuk menguji konsep
Test
Validasi dengan pengguna dan iterasi
Contoh Design Document Structure:
IoT Design Document Template
# IoT SYSTEM DESIGN DOCUMENT
## 1. Executive Summary
## 2. Problem Statement
## 3. System Requirements
### 3.1 Functional Requirements
### 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements
## 4. System Architecture
### 4.1 Hardware Architecture
### 4.2 Software Architecture
### 4.3 Network Architecture
## 5. Component Specifications
## 6. Data Flow Design
## 7. Security Considerations
## 8. Implementation Plan
## 9. Testing Strategy
## 10. Maintenance & Support
## 1. Executive Summary
## 2. Problem Statement
## 3. System Requirements
### 3.1 Functional Requirements
### 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements
## 4. System Architecture
### 4.1 Hardware Architecture
### 4.2 Software Architecture
### 4.3 Network Architecture
## 5. Component Specifications
## 6. Data Flow Design
## 7. Security Considerations
## 8. Implementation Plan
## 9. Testing Strategy
## 10. Maintenance & Support
3. Arsitektur Sistem IoT
Layered Architecture untuk IoT
Layer 1: Device Layer
Physical devices, sensors, and actuators
Sensors
Actuators
Microcontrollers
Power Supply
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Layer 2: Communication Layer
Data transmission and network infrastructure
Protocols
Gateways
Routers
Network Security
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Layer 3: Data Processing Layer
Data aggregation, processing, and storage
Edge Computing
Cloud Platforms
Databases
Data Analytics
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Layer 4: Application Layer
User interfaces and business logic
Web Dashboard
Mobile Apps
APIs
Notification Systems
đ
Layer 5: Business Layer
Business intelligence and decision support
Analytics
Reporting
AI/ML Models
Business Rules
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Pola Arsitektur Umum
Centralized Architecture
Semua data diproses di cloud central
- Kelebihan: Simple, cost-effective
- Kekurangan: Latency tinggi
- Use Case: Non-critical applications
Edge Computing
Processing dilakukan di edge devices
- Kelebihan: Low latency, bandwidth efficient
- Kekurangan: Complex, higher device cost
- Use Case: Real-time applications
Hybrid Architecture
Kombinasi edge dan cloud processing
- Kelebihan: Balanced approach
- Kekurangan: Complex to manage
- Use Case: Most enterprise IoT
4. Analisis Requirements dan Spesifikasi
Requirements Analysis Matrix
| Category | Requirement | Priority | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional | System must monitor temperature every 5 minutes | High | Data recorded with 99% accuracy |
| Performance | Data transmission latency < 2 seconds | High | Measured end-to-end latency |
| Security | All data encrypted in transit and at rest | High | TLS 1.2+ and AES-256 encryption |
| Reliability | System uptime 99.9% | Medium | Monthly uptime calculation |
| Usability | Mobile app responsive design | Medium | Works on iOS and Android |
| Cost | Hardware cost < $50 per device | Low | Bill of materials analysis |
Teknik Pengumpulan Requirements
đ Stakeholder Interviews
Wawancara dengan end-users, business owners, dan technical teams
đ Use Case Workshops
Collaborative sessions untuk mendefinisikan use cases
đ Market Research
Analisis solusi existing dan competitor analysis
đ Technical Analysis
Evaluasi technical constraints dan opportunities
Contoh SMART Requirements:
SMART Requirements Example
// Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Relevant - Time-bound
Requirement: "The system shall monitor indoor air quality"
Specific: "Monitor CO2 levels, temperature, and humidity in office spaces"
Measurable: "Measure CO2 in ppm, temperature in °C, humidity in %"
Achievable: "Using commercial sensors with proven accuracy"
Relevant: "Supports employee health and productivity goals"
Time-bound: "Implementation complete within 3 months"
Requirement: "The system shall monitor indoor air quality"
Specific: "Monitor CO2 levels, temperature, and humidity in office spaces"
Measurable: "Measure CO2 in ppm, temperature in °C, humidity in %"
Achievable: "Using commercial sensors with proven accuracy"
Relevant: "Supports employee health and productivity goals"
Time-bound: "Implementation complete within 3 months"
5. IoT Design Canvas
Interactive System Design Canvas
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IoT Design Canvas
Start by adding components to design your IoT system
Design Specifications
No components added yet
Design Validation
Design will be validated here
6. Use Case Development
IoT Use Case Builder
Contoh Use Case Template
Use Case Template
USE CASE: Smart Irrigation System
CATEGORY: Smart Agriculture
BUSINESS GOAL:
Reduce water consumption by 30% while maintaining crop health
USER STORY:
As a farmer, I want automated irrigation based on soil moisture,
so that I can optimize water usage and improve crop yield
KEY METRICS:
- Water consumption reduction
- Crop yield improvement
- System uptime
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:
- Soil moisture sensors
- Weather data integration
- Automated valve control
- Mobile notifications
CATEGORY: Smart Agriculture
BUSINESS GOAL:
Reduce water consumption by 30% while maintaining crop health
USER STORY:
As a farmer, I want automated irrigation based on soil moisture,
so that I can optimize water usage and improve crop yield
KEY METRICS:
- Water consumption reduction
- Crop yield improvement
- System uptime
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:
- Soil moisture sensors
- Weather data integration
- Automated valve control
- Mobile notifications
7. IoT Project Templates
Smart Home System
Home automation and security
- Components: Motion sensors, smart lights, cameras
- Communication: WiFi, Zigbee, BLE
- Platform: Home Assistant, AWS IoT
- Key Features: Remote control, automation, security
Click to Load Template
Industrial Monitoring
Equipment monitoring and predictive maintenance
- Components: Vibration sensors, temperature sensors
- Communication: LoRaWAN, 4G/5G
- Platform: Azure IoT, ThingWorx
- Key Features: Real-time monitoring, alerts, analytics
Click to Load Template
Smart Agriculture
Crop monitoring and automated irrigation
- Components: Soil sensors, weather stations, valves
- Communication: LoRa, NB-IoT
- Platform: AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT
- Key Features: Automated irrigation, crop analytics
Click to Load Template
Template Implementation Guide
Implementation Checklist
8. Best Practices dalam Perancangan IoT
đ Security First
- Implement end-to-end encryption
- Regular security updates
- Secure device authentication
- Data privacy compliance
đ Scalability Planning
- Design for future growth
- Modular architecture
- Cloud-native solutions
- Load balancing
⥠Performance Optimization
- Edge computing where needed
- Efficient data protocols
- Caching strategies
- Bandwidth optimization
đĄ User-Centric Design
- Intuitive user interfaces
- Meaningful data visualization
- Proactive notifications
- Accessibility considerations
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
| Pitfall | Description | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Over-engineering | Membuat sistem yang terlalu kompleks | Start simple, iterate based on feedback |
| Ignoring Security | Security sebagai afterthought | Security by design from day one |
| Poor Data Management | Data overload tanpa value | Collect only meaningful data |
| Vendor Lock-in | Terlalu dependent pada satu platform | Use open standards and APIs |
| Ignoring Maintenance | Tidak plan untuk long-term maintenance | Plan for updates and support |