Pertemuan 3: Struktur dan Fungsi CPU

Sub-CPMK 2.1 - Analisis Blok Diagram dan Komponen CPU

Jenis

Praktikum

SKS

3 (1 Teori + 2 Praktikum)

Sub-CPMK

2.1

Tools

CPU Simulator

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Memahami arsitektur CPU

Mengenal komponen-komponen utama CPU dan fungsinya

Instruction Execution Cycle

Memahami siklus fetch-decode-execute dan pipeline processing

Register Organization

Memahami fungsi dan jenis-jenis register dalam CPU

CPU Simulation

Praktikum dengan simulator CPU untuk memahami operasi

Teori: Arsitektur CPU

Komponen Utama CPU

CPU Block Diagram

🧠

Control Unit

Mengkoordinasi operasi CPU

Instruction decoding

⚡

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Perhitungan & logika

💾

Registers

Penyimpanan sementara

High-speed storage

Instruction Execution Cycle

Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

Fetch

Ambil instruksi

→

Decode

Interpretasi

→

Execute

Eksekusi

→

Store

Simpan hasil

Detailed Process:

PC → MAR → Memory → MBR → IR
IR di-decode oleh Control Unit
ALU melakukan operasi
Hasil disimpan di register/memory
PC increament untuk instruksi berikutnya

Jenis-jenis Register

Register Categories:

General Purpose:

AX, BX, CX, DX
Untuk data sementara

Special Purpose:

PC (Program Counter)
SP (Stack Pointer)
IR (Instruction Register)

CPU Simulator

Interactive CPU Simulator

Register Bank

0x0000

NOP

0xFFF0

FLAGS

0000

Execution Unit

Current Operation

IDLE

ALU Status

READY

                        CPU simulator ready...
                    

Pipeline Processing

5-Stage Pipeline:

→

MEM

→

CPU Pipeline Processing

Pipeline memungkinkan CPU mengolah beberapa instruksi secara simultan dalam stage yang berbeda.

1️⃣

Instruction Fetch (IF)

Mengambil instruksi dari memory

PC → Memory → IR

2️⃣

Instruction Decode (ID)

Menginterpretasikan instruksi

Decode opcode & operands

3️⃣

Execute (EX)

Menjalankan operasi

ALU operations

4️⃣

Memory Access (MEM)

Akses data memory

Load/Store operations

5️⃣

Write Back (WB)

Menyimpan hasil

Update registers

Pipeline Hazards

⚡

Structural

Resource conflict

📊

Data

Data dependency

🎯

Control

Branch instructions

Instruction Set Architecture

Instruction	Syntax	Description	Example
MOV	MOV dest, src	Move data	MOV AX, 5
PUSH	PUSH src	Push to stack	PUSH AX
POP	POP dest	Pop from stack	POP BX
LOAD	LOAD reg, mem	Load from memory	LOAD AX, [1000]
STORE	STORE mem, reg	Store to memory	STORE [1000], AX

Instruction	Syntax	Description	Example
ADD	ADD dest, src	Addition	ADD AX, BX
SUB	SUB dest, src	Subtraction	SUB AX, 5
MUL	MUL src	Multiplication	MUL BX
DIV	DIV src	Division	DIV CX
INC	INC dest	Increment	INC AX
DEC	DEC dest	Decrement	DEC BX

Instruction	Syntax	Description	Example
AND	AND dest, src	Logical AND	AND AX, BX
OR	OR dest, src	Logical OR	OR AX, BX
XOR	XOR dest, src	Logical XOR	XOR AX, AX
NOT	NOT dest	Logical NOT	NOT AX
SHL	SHL dest, count	Shift Left	SHL AX, 2
SHR	SHR dest, count	Shift Right	SHR BX, 1

Instruction	Syntax	Description	Example
JMP	JMP label	Unconditional jump	JMP start
JZ	JZ label	Jump if zero	JZ equal
JNZ	JNZ label	Jump if not zero	JNZ not_equal
CALL	CALL proc	Call procedure	CALL multiply
RET	RET	Return from procedure	RET
CMP	CMP op1, op2	Compare operands	CMP AX, BX

Latihan Praktikum

🧮

Simple Calculator

Tugas: Implementasikan operasi aritmetika sederhana menggunakan instruksi CPU

MOV AX, 10
MOV BX, 5
ADD AX, BX ; AX = 15
SUB AX, 3 ; AX = 12
MUL BX ; AX = 60

🔄

Loop Implementation

Tugas: Buat loop untuk menghitung factorial

MOV CX, 5 ; Counter
MOV AX, 1 ; Result
loop_start:
MUL CX ; AX = AX * CX
DEC CX ; Decrement counter
JNZ loop_start ; Jump if not zero

⚡

Pipeline Analysis

Tugas: Analisis pipeline hazards dalam sequence instruksi

MOV AX, [1000] ; IF ID EX MEM WB
ADD AX, BX ; IF ID EX MEM WB
MOV [1000], AX ; IF ID - - -
MOV CX, AX ; IF - - -