Pertemuan 4: Hierarki dan Teknologi Memori

Sub-CPMK 2.2 - Simulasi Akses Memori Cache dan Hierarki

Jenis

Praktikum

SKS

3 (1 Teori + 2 Praktikum)

Sub-CPMK

2.2

Tools

Cache Simulator

Tujuan Pembelajaran

🏗️

Memahami Hierarki Memori

Mengenal level-level memori dari cache hingga secondary storage

⚡

Prinsip Cache Memory

Memahami konsep temporal & spatial locality dalam caching

📊

Analisis Performa Cache

Mampu menghitung hit ratio, miss penalty, dan effective access time

💾

Teknologi Memory

Mengenal berbagai teknologi RAM, ROM, dan storage modern

Hierarki Memori Komputer

Hierarki memori mengorganisir berbagai jenis memori berdasarkan kecepatan, ukuran, dan biaya.

🚀

Registers

CPU Internal Storage

Size: 1-2 KB

Speed: 0.1-1 ns

Cost: Highest

⚡

Cache Memory

L1, L2, L3 Cache

Size: 1-32 MB

Speed: 1-10 ns

Cost: Very High

💾

Main Memory (RAM)

Primary Storage

Size: 4-64 GB

Speed: 10-100 ns

Cost: Medium

💿

SSD Storage

Secondary Storage

Size: 256 GB-4 TB

Speed: 10-100 μs

Cost: Low

🖴

HDD Storage

Tertiary Storage

Size: 1-16 TB

Speed: 1-10 ms

Cost: Lowest

Cache Memory Simulator

Memory Address Access Pattern

Cache Size

Mapping Type

Cache Structure

Access Flow

CPU requests memory address

Check cache for data (Hit/Miss)

If miss, fetch from main memory

Update cache and return data

Hit Ratio

Cache Effectiveness

Miss Ratio

Cache Inefficiency

Access Time

0 ns

Average Latency

Total Accesses

Memory Operations

                Cache simulator ready...
            

Teknologi Memory Modern

🚀

SRAM (Static RAM)

Use Case: Cache Memory
Speed: 1-10 ns
Volatility: Volatile
Cell Size: 6 transistors
Power: High (static current)

⚡

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

Use Case: Main Memory
Speed: 10-100 ns
Volatility: Volatile
Cell Size: 1 transistor + capacitor
Power: Medium (refresh needed)

💾

Flash Memory

Use Case: SSD Storage
Speed: 10-100 μs
Volatility: Non-volatile
Cell Types: SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC
Endurance: Limited write cycles

🔄

NVMe SSD

Use Case: High-speed Storage
Speed: 10-50 μs
Interface: PCIe
Protocol: NVMe
Throughput: 2-7 GB/s

Latihan Praktikum

Cache Hit Ratio Analysis

Calculation

Scenario: Sebuah sistem komputer memiliki cache dengan karakteristik berikut:

Cache access time: 2 ns
Main memory access time: 20 ns
Hit ratio: 85%

Pertanyaan: Hitung effective access time sistem tersebut!

Memory Hierarchy Optimization

Analysis

Scenario: Sebuah aplikasi database sering mengakses data yang sama berulang kali.

Pertanyaan: Strategi apa yang dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan performa memory hierarchy?

Cache Mapping Techniques

Comparison

Scenario: Bandingkan tiga teknik cache mapping:

Pertanyaan: Apa kelebihan dan kekurangan dari Direct Mapping, Fully Associative, dan Set Associative?