Daftar Pertemuan
Pertemuan 1 Pertemuan 2 Pertemuan 3 Pertemuan 4 Pertemuan 5 Pertemuan 6 Pertemuan 7 Pertemuan 8 Pertemuan 9 Pertemuan 10 Pertemuan 11 Pertemuan 12 Pertemuan 13 Pertemuan 14 Pertemuan 15 Pertemuan 16
Troubleshooting Tools
Metodologi Scenario Issues Diagnosis Tools Template Log
Team Roles
Layer 2 Expert: VLAN, STP, Trunking
Layer 3 Expert: Routing, OSPF, IP
Security Expert: ACL, NAT, PPP
Documentation: Logs, Screenshots

Pertemuan 13: Capstone Troubleshooting

Progress Pembelajaran 13/16
Persiapan Ujian Akhir Semester

Pertemuan ini merupakan persiapan komprehensif untuk Ujian Akhir Semester. Fokus pada kemampuan troubleshooting jaringan enterprise yang terintegrasi.

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Mahasiswa mampu mendiagnosis dan memecahkan masalah kompleks pada jaringan enterprise yang terintegrasi (VLAN, Routing, WAN, Security) menggunakan metodologi troubleshooting yang sistematis dalam lingkungan team-based.

Metodologi Troubleshooting Enterprise Network

1. Systematic Troubleshooting Approach

Pendekatan terstruktur untuk troubleshooting jaringan enterprise yang kompleks:

1
Problem Identification

Identifikasi scope dan impact masalah

→
2
Information Gathering

Kumpulkan data dengan systematic commands

→
3
Hypothesis Formation

Buat dugaan berdasarkan evidence

→
4
Targeted Testing

Test hypothesis dengan focused commands

→
5
Solution Implementation

Implementasi fix yang tepat

→
6
Verification & Documentation

Konfirmasi dan dokumentasi solusi

2. Layer-by-Layer Troubleshooting Strategy
OSI Layer Common Issues Diagnosis Commands Solution Approach
Physical (1) Kabel rusak, port down, power issues show interfaces, show ip interface brief Ganti kabel, reset port, cek power
Data Link (2) VLAN mismatch, STP loops, Duplex issues show vlan, show spanning-tree, show interfaces Fix VLAN config, STP tuning, set duplex
Network (3) IP conflicts, Routing issues, ACL blocking show ip route, show ip ospf neighbor, show access-lists Fix IP scheme, routing config, ACL rules
Transport (4) Port blocking, Session issues telnet, traceroute, show tcp brief Open ports, check session state
Application (5-7) Service down, DNS issues, Authentication ping, nslookup, debug ppp authentication Restart services, fix DNS, check auth
3. Divide and Conquer Strategy
Network Segmentation
  • By Location: HQ, Branch, Remote sites
  • By Technology: Switching, Routing, Security
  • By Department: Admin, Sales, IT networks
  • By Protocol: VLAN, OSPF, PPP, NAT
Team Collaboration
  • Role Assignment: Layer experts dengan spesialisasi
  • Communication: Regular sync-up meetings
  • Documentation: Shared troubleshooting log
  • Peer Review: Cross-verification solutions

Capstone Troubleshooting Challenge

Informasi Capstone Challenge

Durasi: 170 menit

Topik: Integrated Enterprise Troubleshooting

Format: Team-based (4-5 orang)

Bobot: 10% (Tugas 2)

Tujuan: Diagnosis multi-layer issues

Tools: Pre-configured problematic network

Deliverables: Troubleshooting report + Fixed network

Penilaian: Methodology & completeness

Enterprise Network Topology dengan Multiple Issues
Headquarters
Router1 + Switch1
VLAN Issues
NAT Problems
Router2
Multiple Issues
ACL
OSPF
PPP
Branch Office
Router2 + Switch2
Routing Issues
VTP Problems
Remote Site
Router3 + Switch3
PPP Auth Failed
STP Issues
Keterangan Topologi Enterprise:
  • 3 Sites: Headquarters, Branch Office, Remote Site
  • Multiple Technologies: VLAN, OSPF Multi-Area, PPP CHAP, NAT, ACL, VTP, STP
  • Pre-configured Issues: Network sengaja dikonfigurasi dengan multiple errors
  • Integration Points: Semua technologies terintegrasi dan saling dependent
Daftar Hidden Issues (Disembunyikan Instruktur)
Multiple Pre-configured Issues:
Layer 2 Issues
  • VLAN database mismatch antar switch
  • Trunk configuration errors
  • STP loops dan root bridge issues
  • VTP domain dan password mismatch
  • Native VLAN不一致
Layer 3 Issues
  • OSPF area assignment errors
  • Missing network statements
  • IP addressing conflicts
  • Route redistribution problems
  • Default route missing
Security & Services Issues
  • PPP CHAP authentication failure
  • ACL blocking legitimate traffic
  • NAT translation not working
  • Port forwarding misconfiguration
  • Service access restrictions
Troubleshooting Methodology Phase
Phase 1: Information Gathering & Baseline Testing (30 menit)
Initial Connectivity Testing:
! Dari PC1 test connectivity ke semua destinations
ping 192.168.10.1   ! Gateway local
ping 192.168.20.1   ! Gateway remote same area
ping 192.168.30.1   ! Gateway remote different area
ping 192.168.20.10   ! PC di remote same area
ping 192.168.30.10   ! PC di remote different area

! Document semua gejala dalam tabel
Baseline Network Status:
! Physical connectivity check
show ip interface brief
show interfaces status
show cdp neighbors

! VLAN dan Trunking status
show vlan brief
show interfaces trunk
show vtp status
Phase 2: Layer 2 & 3 Diagnosis (60 menit)
Layer 2 Troubleshooting:
! VLAN consistency check
show vlan brief   ! Pada semua switch
show vtp status

! Trunk configuration
show interfaces trunk
show interfaces fa0/24 switchport

! STP status
show spanning-tree
show spanning-tree root
show spanning-tree inconsistentports
Layer 3 Troubleshooting:
! IP addressing dan routing
show ip route
show ip route ospf
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip ospf interface brief

! OSPF specific troubleshooting
show ip ospf database
debug ip ospf events   ! Jika diperlukan
show running-config | section router ospf
Phase 3: Security & Services Diagnosis (50 menit)
WAN dan Security Troubleshooting:
! PPP authentication check
show interfaces serial 0/0/0
debug ppp authentication
show running-config interface serial 0/0/0

! ACL dan NAT verification
show access-lists
show ip nat translations
show ip nat statistics
show running-config | include access-list
show running-config | include nat
Service Access Testing:
! Test berbagai services
ping [destination]   ! ICMP test
telnet [ip] [port]   ! TCP service test
ftp [ip]   ! FTP service test
http://[ip]   ! Web service test
traceroute [destination]   ! Path verification
Phase 4: Integrated Solution & Verification (30 menit)
Comprehensive Testing:
! Final end-to-end testing
! Dari semua PCs test ke semua destinations
ping [all-devices]
traceroute [across-network]

! Service accessibility test
! Semua services harus accessible sesuai policy
show tech-support   ! Comprehensive status
Documentation dan Reporting:
! Final configuration backup
show running-config
copy running-config startup-config

! Screenshot semua verification commands
! Document semua fixes dalam troubleshooting log
Troubleshooting Challenge Scenarios
Challenge 1: Inter-VLAN Routing Failure

Symptoms: PC1 bisa ping PC2 tapi tidak bisa ping PC3 (beda VLAN, beda switch)

Expected Issues: VLAN mismatch, Trunk configuration, OSPF routing

Diagnosis Steps:

  1. Verifikasi VLAN assignment pada kedua switch
  2. Check trunk configuration antara switch-switch dan switch-router
  3. Verifikasi OSPF neighbor adjacency antara router
  4. Check network statements di OSPF configuration
  5. Verifikasi IP addressing dan subnet masks
Key Diagnosis Commands:
show vlan brief
show interfaces trunk
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip route ospf
show running-config vlan
Challenge 2: OSPF Multi-Area Routing Issues

Symptoms: Router tidak belajar route dari router lain, OSPF adjacency stuck di INIT/2WAY

Expected Issues: Area mismatch, Network statements, Authentication, Timer mismatch

Diagnosis Steps:

  1. Verifikasi OSPF neighbor adjacency status dan state
  2. Check network statements dan wildcard masks
  3. Periksa area assignment consistency
  4. Verifikasi interface OSPF status dan timers
  5. Check untuk authentication mismatch
Key Diagnosis Commands:
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip ospf interface
debug ip ospf adj
show running-config | section ospf
show ip protocols
Challenge 3: WAN Connectivity & Security Issues

Symptoms: Branch dan Remote sites tidak bisa terkoneksi, PPP session tidak establish

Expected Issues: CHAP authentication failure, ACL blocking, NAT misconfiguration

Diagnosis Steps:

  1. Check PPP encapsulation dan authentication configuration
  2. Verifikasi CHAP username/password consistency
  3. Check applied ACLs pada WAN interfaces
  4. Verifikasi NAT configuration dan translations
  5. Test service access melalui NAT
Key Diagnosis Commands:
show interfaces serial
debug ppp authentication
show access-lists
show ip nat translations
show running-config interface

Troubleshooting Log Template

Capstone Troubleshooting Report - Kelompok [X]
Executive Summary

Tim Members: [Nama anggota kelompok]

Total Issues Identified: [Jumlah]

Time to Resolution: [Waktu] menit

Overall Network Status: [Fully Operational/Partially Fixed]

Methodology & Approach

Troubleshooting Strategy: [Bottom-up/Top-down/Divide-and-conquer]

Team Roles Assignment:

  • Layer 2 Expert: [Nama] - VLAN, STP, Trunking
  • Layer 3 Expert: [Nama] - OSPF, Routing, IP
  • Security Expert: [Nama] - ACL, NAT, PPP
  • Documentation: [Nama] - Logs, Screenshots
### Issue 1: [Nama Masalah - e.g., "Inter-VLAN Routing Failure"]
Timestamp: [Waktu identifikasi]
Symptoms: [Gejala yang diamati - detail dan spesifik, termasuk device dan test results]
Initial Hypothesis: [Dugaan penyebab berdasarkan evidence awal]
Testing & Investigation: [Command dan testing yang dilakukan dengan results]
Root Cause Analysis: [Penyebab utama yang ditemukan]
Solution Implemented: [Konfigurasi perbaikan yang diimplementasikan]
Verification: [Proof perbaikan berhasil - test results dan screenshots]
Time to Fix: [Waktu yang dibutuhkan]
Documentation Best Practices:
  • Gunakan timestamp untuk setiap entry troubleshooting
  • Document before/after configuration screenshots
  • Sertakan output verification commands
  • Catat waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk setiap issue resolution
  • Include team collaboration notes

Success Metrics & Evaluation

Evaluation Criteria Weight Excellent (90-100%) Good (70-89%) Needs Improvement (<70%)
Issue Identification 40% Semua issues teridentifikasi dengan akurat Major issues teridentifikasi, beberapa minor terlewat Banyak issues tidak teridentifikasi
Troubleshooting Methodology 30% Systematic approach, logical sequence Mostly systematic, beberapa inconsistencies Random approach, tidak terstruktur
Solution Accuracy 20% Semua solutions correct dan optimal Major solutions correct, beberapa suboptimal Banyak incorrect solutions
Documentation & Teamwork 10% Excellent documentation, great teamwork Adequate documentation, good collaboration Poor documentation, minimal teamwork

Advanced Troubleshooting Tips

Proactive Strategies
  • Start with Basics: Selalu check physical connectivity pertama
  • Use Systematic Approach: Layer 1 → Layer 2 → Layer 3 → Application
  • Document Everything: Keep timestamped notes dan screenshots
  • Work as Team: Assign specific roles dan regular sync-ups
  • Test Incrementally: Verify setelah setiap major change
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
  • Multiple Changes: Jangan buat multiple changes simultaneously
  • Skipping Documentation: Sulit revert changes tanpa documentation
  • Ignoring Basics: Seringkali issue sederhana yang terlewat
  • Poor Communication: Team members bekerja overlap atau conflict
  • Panic Mode: Tetap calm dan systematic under pressure
Time Management Strategy (170 menit):
Phase 1 (30 menit):
Information gathering
Baseline testing
Phase 2 (60 menit):
Layer 2 & 3 diagnosis
Targeted fixes
Phase 3 (50 menit):
Security & services
Complex issues
Phase 4 (30 menit):
Final verification
Documentation

Deliverables Requirements

Yang Harus Dikumpulkan (Kelompok)
1. Troubleshooting Report Document

Format: PDF document

Content: Complete troubleshooting log dengan semua sections

2. Fixed Packet Tracer File

Format: .pkt file

Content: Network dengan semua issues fixed

3. Verification Screenshots

Format: Image files atau embedded dalam PDF

Content: Screenshot semua verification commands

4. Peer Evaluation

Format: Confidential form

Content: Team member contribution assessment

NAT & PAT Troubleshooting Workshop