Daftar Pertemuan
EIGRP Tips
- AD (Advertised Distance) & FD (Feasible Distance)
- Successor = Best path, Feasible Successor = Backup path
- Hello Interval = 5s (LAN), 60s (WAN)
- Hold Timer = 3x Hello Interval
EIGRP Neighbor States
Down
No Hello received
Init
Hello received, unidirectional
2-Way
Bidirectional communication
Up
Neighbor adjacency established
EIGRP Packet Types
Hello
Discover/maintain neighbors
Update
Routing information exchange
Query
Route query when path lost
Reply
Response to query packets
ACK
Acknowledgment of packets
Pertemuan 5B: EIGRP & Troubleshooting
Bobot: 10%
Progress Pembelajaran
5/16
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah menyelesaikan praktikum ini, mahasiswa mampu:
- Memahami konsep dan arsitektur EIGRP sebagai advanced distance vector protocol
- Mengkonfigurasi EIGRP pada router Cisco dengan autonomous system yang sama
- Memverifikasi EIGRP neighbor adjacency dan routing table
- Melakukan optimasi dan troubleshooting EIGRP operation
- Menganalisis perbandingan EIGRP vs OSPF
Materi Teori - EIGRP Fundamentals
1. Konsep Dasar EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) adalah advanced distance vector routing protocol yang menggabungkan fitur-fitur dari distance vector dan link-state protocols. EIGRP merupakan Cisco proprietary protocol yang menggunakan Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) untuk perhitungan path terbaik.
Karakteristik EIGRP
- Hybrid Protocol: Kombinasi distance vector dan link-state
- Fast Convergence: Menggunakan DUAL algorithm
- Classless: Mendukung VLSM dan CIDR
- Efficient: Partial bounded updates
- Multiple Protocols: Mendukung IP, IPv6, IPX
- Load Balancing: Unequal cost load balancing
EIGRP Metric Calculation
EIGRP menggunakan composite metric berdasarkan bandwidth, delay, reliability, dan load:
Metric = [K1*Bandwidth + (K2*Bandwidth)/(256-Load) + K3*Delay] * [K5/(Reliability+K4)]
Default K-values:
K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = 0, K5 = 0
Simplified Formula:
Metric = 256 * (Bandwidth + Delay)
Bandwidth = 10^7 / Minimum Bandwidth (kbps)
Delay = Sum of Delays / 10
Default K-values:
K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = 0, K5 = 0
Simplified Formula:
Metric = 256 * (Bandwidth + Delay)
Bandwidth = 10^7 / Minimum Bandwidth (kbps)
Delay = Sum of Delays / 10
2. EIGRP Packet Types
EIGRP menggunakan lima jenis packet untuk membentuk dan memelihara neighbor relationships:
Hello
Discover/maintain neighbors
Multicast: 224.0.0.10
Interval: 5s (LAN), 60s (WAN)
Interval: 5s (LAN), 60s (WAN)
Update
Routing information
Reliable delivery
Multicast/Unicast
Multicast/Unicast
Query
Route query
When route lost
Reliable delivery
Reliable delivery
Reply
Response to query
Route information
Reliable delivery
Reliable delivery
ACK
Acknowledgment
Hello packet tanpa data
Unicast delivery
Unicast delivery
3. EIGRP Neighbor Formation Process
EIGRP neighbors melewati beberapa state sebelum mencapai full adjacency:
Down
No Hello
↓ Hello Received
Init
Unidirectional
↓ Hello with Parameters
2-Way
Bidirectional
↓ Update Exchange
Up
Adjacency
Neighbor Requirements:
- AS Number: Harus sama
- K-values: Harus sama untuk metric calculation
- Authentication: Harus sama jika digunakan
- Subnet Mask: Harus sama pada connected interfaces
Neighbor Table Information:
Neighbor: IP Address
Interface: Local interface
Hold Time: Countdown timer
Uptime: Duration of adjacency
SRTT: Smooth Round Trip Time
RTO: Retransmission Timeout
Queue Count: Packets in queue
Interface: Local interface
Hold Time: Countdown timer
Uptime: Duration of adjacency
SRTT: Smooth Round Trip Time
RTO: Retransmission Timeout
Queue Count: Packets in queue
4. DUAL Finite State Machine
Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) adalah core dari EIGRP yang menentukan best path selection:
| Term | Definition | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Successor | Best path to destination | Installed in routing table |
| Feasible Distance (FD) | Lowest metric to destination | Best path metric |
| Advertised Distance (AD) | Neighbor's metric to destination | Metric reported by neighbor |
| Feasible Successor | Backup path that meets feasibility condition | Used when successor fails |
| Feasibility Condition | AD < FD | Prevents routing loops |
| Active State | Route recomputation in progress | Sending queries for lost route |
| Passive State | Route is stable | Normal operating state |
5. EIGRP vs OSPF Comparison
Perbandingan karakteristik EIGRP dan OSPF:
| Feature | EIGRP | OSPF |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol Type | Advanced Distance Vector | Link-State |
| Standard | Cisco Proprietary | Open Standard (RFC) |
| Convergence | Very Fast (DUAL) | Fast (SPF) |
| Metric | Composite (Bandwidth, Delay) | Cost (Bandwidth) |
| Hierarchy | Flat (Autonomous System) | Hierarchical (Areas) |
| Load Balancing | Unequal Cost | Equal Cost Only |
| CPU/Memory | Lower Requirements | Higher Requirements |
| Configuration | Simpler | More Complex |
Job Sheet Praktikum
Informasi Job Sheet
Durasi: 170 menit
Tujuan
Konfigurasi EIGRP & Troubleshooting
Tools
Cisco Packet Tracer
Bobot
10%
Penilaian
Laporan Praktikum
Diagram Topologi EIGRP
Router 1
R1-EIGRP
AS: 100
G0/0: 192.168.10.1/24
S0/0/0: 10.0.12.1/30
AS 100
Serial Link
10.0.12.0/30
AS 100
Router 2
R2-EIGRP
AS: 100
G0/0: 192.168.20.1/24
S0/0/0: 10.0.12.2/30
S0/0/1: 10.0.23.1/30
AS 100
Serial Link
10.0.23.0/30
AS 100
Router 3
R3-EIGRP
AS: 100
G0/0: 192.168.30.1/24
S0/0/1: 10.0.23.2/30
AS 100
LAN 1 - Router 1
PC1
192.168.10.10/24
EIGRP Autonomous System 100
AS Number: 100
Network: 10.0.12.0/30, 10.0.23.0/30
No Auto-summary
LAN 3 - Router 3
PC3
192.168.30.10/24
Keterangan Topologi:
- 3 Router Cisco 2911 dengan koneksi serial
- Router 1: Terhubung ke LAN 1 (192.168.10.0/24)
- Router 2: Router tengah dengan dua koneksi serial
- Router 3: Terhubung ke LAN 3 (192.168.30.0/24)
- AS 100: Single autonomous system untuk semua router
- Process ID: Autonomous System number harus sama
- Network Types: Broadcast (LAN), Point-to-Point (WAN)
- No Auto-summary: Classless routing behavior
IP Addressing Plan
| Device | Interface | IP Address | Subnet Mask | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Router 1 | GigabitEthernet 0/0 | 192.168.10.1 | 255.255.255.0 | LAN 1 - Admin Network |
| Serial 0/0/0 | 10.0.12.1 | 255.255.255.252 | WAN Link to Router 2 | |
| Router 2 | GigabitEthernet 0/0 | 192.168.20.1 | 255.255.255.0 | LAN 2 - Sales Network |
| Serial 0/0/0 | 10.0.12.2 | 255.255.255.252 | WAN Link to Router 1 | |
| Serial 0/0/1 | 10.0.23.1 | 255.255.255.252 | WAN Link to Router 3 | |
| Router 3 | GigabitEthernet 0/0 | 192.168.30.1 | 255.255.255.0 | LAN 3 - IT Network |
| Serial 0/0/1 | 10.0.23.2 | 255.255.255.252 | WAN Link to Router 2 | |
| PC1 | Ethernet | 192.168.10.10 | 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 192.168.10.1 |
| PC2 | Ethernet | 192.168.20.10 | 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 192.168.20.1 |
| PC3 | Ethernet | 192.168.30.10 | 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 192.168.30.1 |
EIGRP Configuration Plan
| Parameter | Router 1 | Router 2 | Router 3 | Keterangan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS Number | 100 | 100 | 100 | Harus sama untuk adjacency |
| Networks | 192.168.10.0/24 10.0.12.0/30 |
192.168.20.0/24 10.0.12.0/30 10.0.23.0/30 |
192.168.30.0/24 10.0.23.0/30 |
Network statements dengan wildcard |
| No Auto-summary | Yes | Yes | Yes | Classless routing behavior |
| Hello/Dead Timers | Default | Default | Default | LAN: 5s/15s, WAN: 60s/180s |
Langkah Kerja Detail
Langkah 1: Persiapan Topologi dan IP Addressing
30 menit
Buat topologi dan konfigurasi IP address pada semua devices:
Router 1 Configuration:
enable
configure terminal
hostname R1-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.252
clock rate 64000 ! DCE side
no shutdown
exit
configure terminal
hostname R1-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.252
clock rate 64000 ! DCE side
no shutdown
exit
Router 2 Configuration:
enable
configure terminal
hostname R2-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/1
ip address 10.0.23.1 255.255.255.252
clock rate 64000 ! DCE side
no shutdown
exit
configure terminal
hostname R2-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/1
ip address 10.0.23.1 255.255.255.252
clock rate 64000 ! DCE side
no shutdown
exit
Router 3 Configuration:
enable
configure terminal
hostname R3-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/1
ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
configure terminal
hostname R3-EIGRP
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface serial 0/0/1
ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit
Verifikasi: Pastikan semua interface dalam status up/up dengan perintah
show ip interface brief
Langkah 2: Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 1
20 menit
Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 1 dengan AS 100:
R1-EIGRP# configure terminal
R1-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
R1-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
Penjelasan:
router eigrp 100- Mengaktifkan EIGRP dengan AS 100network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255- Mengikutsertakan network LAN 1network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3- Mengikutsertakan WAN link ke Router 2no auto-summary- Menonaktifkan auto-summary untuk classless routing
Langkah 3: Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 2
20 menit
Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 2 dengan AS 100:
R2-EIGRP# configure terminal
R2-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.3
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
R2-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.3
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.3
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
Penjelasan:
- AS number harus sama dengan Router 1 (100)
- Network statements mencakup semua connected networks
- Wildcard mask 0.0.0.3 untuk /30 networks
Langkah 4: Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 3
20 menit
Konfigurasi EIGRP pada Router 3 dengan AS 100:
R3-EIGRP# configure terminal
R3-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.3
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
R3-EIGRP(config)# router eigrp 100
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.3
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# no auto-summary
R3-EIGRP(config-router)# exit
Verifikasi Neighbor Adjacency:
Gunakan perintah
Gunakan perintah
show ip eigrp neighbors untuk memverifikasi neighbor relationships
Langkah 5: Verifikasi EIGRP Operation
30 menit
Verifikasi konfigurasi EIGRP dengan berbagai show commands:
Verification Commands:
! Neighbor Table
show ip eigrp neighbors
! Topology Table
show ip eigrp topology
! Routing Table
show ip route eigrp
! Interfaces running EIGRP
show ip eigrp interfaces
! EIGRP Traffic Statistics
show ip eigrp traffic
show ip eigrp neighbors
! Topology Table
show ip eigrp topology
! Routing Table
show ip route eigrp
! Interfaces running EIGRP
show ip eigrp interfaces
! EIGRP Traffic Statistics
show ip eigrp traffic
Expected Results:
- Neighbor Table: Router 1 dan 3 harus punya 1 neighbor, Router 2 punya 2 neighbors
- Topology Table: Semua routes dalam passive state
- Routing Table: EIGRP routes dengan metric dan successor
- Connectivity: Ping test antar semua networks
Connectivity Test:
! From PC1 to PC3
ping 192.168.30.10
! From PC3 to PC1
ping 192.168.10.10
! Traceroute test
traceroute 192.168.30.10
ping 192.168.30.10
! From PC3 to PC1
ping 192.168.10.10
! Traceroute test
traceroute 192.168.30.10
Langkah 6: EIGRP Troubleshooting
40 menit
Simulasikan masalah dan lakukan troubleshooting:
Common EIGRP Issues:
- Neighbor Adjacency Problems:
- AS number mismatch
- K-values mismatch
- Authentication mismatch
- Network statement missing
- Route Advertisement Problems:
- Missing network statements
- Passive interfaces
- ACL blocking EIGRP
Troubleshooting Commands:
! Debug EIGRP packets
debug eigrp packets
! Debug EIGRP neighbors
debug eigrp neighbors
! Show EIGRP events
show ip eigrp events
! Clear EIGRP neighbors
clear ip eigrp neighbors
debug eigrp packets
! Debug EIGRP neighbors
debug eigrp neighbors
! Show EIGRP events
show ip eigrp events
! Clear EIGRP neighbors
clear ip eigrp neighbors
Troubleshooting Scenario:
Nonaktifkan interface serial pada Router 2 dan amati convergence behavior EIGRP
Langkah 7: EIGRP Optimization
30 menit
Optimasi konfigurasi EIGRP untuk performa yang lebih baik:
Optimization Techniques:
- Passive Interfaces: Untuk interface yang tidak butuh EIGRP neighbors
- Hello/Hold Timer Adjustment: Untuk convergence yang lebih cepat
- Bandwidth Utilization: Kontrol EIGRP bandwidth usage
- Route Summarization: Manual summarization untuk routing table size reduction
Optimization Commands:
! Configure passive interface
router eigrp 100
passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/0
! Adjust hello interval
interface serial 0/0/0
ip hello-interval eigrp 100 10
! Adjust hold timer
ip hold-time eigrp 100 30
! Bandwidth control
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 100 50
router eigrp 100
passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/0
! Adjust hello interval
interface serial 0/0/0
ip hello-interval eigrp 100 10
! Adjust hold timer
ip hold-time eigrp 100 30
! Bandwidth control
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 100 50
EIGRP Troubleshooting Guide
| Problem | Symptoms | Possible Causes | Solution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neighbors Not Forming | No neighbors in show ip eigrp neighbors |
|
|
| Routes Missing | Expected routes not in routing table |
|
|
| Slow Convergence | Long time for route recovery |
|
|
| High CPU Usage | Router CPU utilization high |
|
|
Verification Checklist
Checklist Verifikasi Praktikum
Catatan Penting:
- AS Number Consistency: Pastikan semua router menggunakan AS number yang sama
- Wildcard Masks: Gunakan wildcard mask yang tepat untuk network statements
- No Auto-summary: Selalu gunakan
no auto-summaryuntuk classless routing - Verification: Selalu verifikasi setiap langkah konfigurasi dengan show commands
- Documentation: Dokumentasikan semua konfigurasi dan hasil troubleshooting